In the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, drones have emerged as one of the most relied-upon attack weapons for both sides. The development and production of new drones, guided missiles, and anti-drone systems have become major focal points for both parties.
The retired German Leopard self-propelled anti-aircraft gun has played a significant role on the battlefield in Ukraine. Recently, the German company Rheinmetall announced a new project using the chassis of the Leopard 1 tank and installing the latest version of the Sky Knight 35 turret on top, effectively repurposing a large inventory of Leopard 1 tanks, reducing costs, and shortening production time. This initiative not only benefits Ukraine but also attracts potential customers.
Rheinmetall utilized acquired technology from Switzerland’s Oerlikon to develop the “Oerlikon Skyshield” air defense system, which led to the creation of the mobile “Skynex” and “Skyranger” anti-aircraft systems. Germany has already provided Ukraine with 2 sets of the Skynex air defense system, reportedly achieving good results. However, the Skyshield system is relatively expensive, with Germany spending $182 million to purchase 2 sets for Ukraine. The Sky Knight system, while more cost-effective, comes with a reduced caliber of artillery and shorter range. Nevertheless, with increased firing rates, it proves to be more effective against large numbers of small drones.
The Skyshield air defense system can serve as both a strategic defense weapon and be mounted on tactical trucks, tracked or wheeled armored vehicles as self-propelled anti-aircraft guns to target drones, cruise missiles, mortar shells, and other airborne threats. The entire turret weighs 3.8 tons when empty, and 4.25 tons when loaded with ammunition, featuring a modular unmanned design that can be remotely controlled, boasting high integration.
The core detection system of the Skyshield air defense system consists of the X-TAR 3D search radar and electro-optical detection system. The 3D search radar operates in the X and Ku bands, enhancing the tracking capabilities of small and micro drones as well as high-speed small targets. The detection range can be set at 25, 35, or 55 kilometers depending on the operational environment, with outstanding anti-jamming capabilities. The primary weapon of the Skyshield system is the MK3 35mm revolving breech anti-aircraft gun, with the ability to adjust the firing rate from 1000 rounds per minute to 200 rounds per minute, and to single shot mode. Its effective range is 3,500-5,000 meters. The MK3 anti-aircraft gun can utilize the “Advanced Hit Efficiency and Destruction” AHEAD ammunition, which can cost thousands of dollars per round. When combined with the X-TAR radar and digital fire control computer, the AHEAD ammunition is capable of destroying a suicide drone with just one shot!
Rheinmetall recently showcased a launch unit capable of firing 42 Hero cruise missiles developed by Israel, which can be integrated into standard shipping containers and accommodate up to 3 launch units, allowing for the launch of 126 cruise missiles at most.